Rodriguez vs. San Antonio Independent School District essays

Rodriguez versus San Antonio Independent School District expositions In the article Rich School, Poor Schools... J.B. Raskin clarifies the Supreme Courts disposition toward the order of Separate yet Equal. Rather than characterizing this mentality as far as race, be that as it may, Raskin investigates its financial partner by clarifying all parts of the San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez case. This case encourages us to comprehend the monetary obstructions among towns (and hence among schools) and the disparities that exist in view of the manner in which we subsidize our schools. The article Its about time! from the Boston Globe assists with advancing create and indicate these inconsistencies. The biggest measure of income for government funded schools is gotten through property charges. This, along these lines, causes schools situated in wealthier towns to give more dollars spent per understudy and schools in poor towns to give substantially less. The towns of Edgewood and Alamo Heights in Texas are genuine instances of the disparities present and the debate that can be found all through the nation. Business flourishes in Alamo Heights, though in Edgewood, a urban neighborhood, business and mechanical property is least. With an a lot bigger populace (22,000 understudies), Edgewood has the most minimal property estimation per student in the metropolitan zone at $5,960. Alamo Heights, then again, just houses 5,000 understudies and offers over $49,000 property estimation per student. Rodriguez took this case to the Supreme Court to choose whether these disparities could be permitted under the privileges of the Constitution. As indicated by Raskin, despite the fact that the Constitution doesn't explicitly make reference to training, it is instruction that permits people to participate in other sacred rights, for example, discourse, casting a ballot, and getting data. Equity Powell decided that this training was lawful and that in light of the fact that there were differences in spending levels, this doesn't demonstrate that the schools were not prov... <!

Brand Resonance in Franchising Relationships Strategic Management

Question: Talk about the Brand Resonance in Franchising Relationships for Strategic Management. Answer: Blueprint of the Business Plan For accomplishing the key activity of ToolsCorp of growing in the worldwide commercial center, the items and administration portfolio that can be given all around should be resolved. The items worked by the organization are garden furniture, grass cutters, power apparatuses, microwaves and ranges. To attempt to look for its place in the worldwide commercial center, the association will likewise investigate the market. The client needs, target market and contenders will be dissected. The vital usage will be talked about where the business area and uncommon hardware will be sketched out. The potential implications or dangers, and criticism components are conceived (Mullins, 2012). A Preliminary Market Analysis For propelling the organization in the worldwide commercial center, ToolsCorp needs to direct a primer examination with respect to the configuration, quality, costs, and selling focuses. The objective market likewise should be investigated. Market Segmentation The market for ToolsCorp can be isolated into different fragments based on normal premiums, needs and evolving requests. The different sections are: Geographic Segmentation ToolsCorp needs to show a drive for worldwide development from Tennessee, which is right now settled in the south-eastern area of the United States. The organization can consider extending in different pieces of the United States and cross the regional limits. America, however different nations, for example, Australia and India can be investigated for development. Both the nations have critical business openings (Bodea Ferguson, 2012). Segment Segmentation The division should be possible based on sexual orientation, age, occupation and instruction level. The results of ToolsCorp will suit the two people. The grass trimmers and microwaves streamline the work and make it computerized. The individuals who are profession situated will lean toward buying microwaves as it makes work simpler. The individuals who have planting or related occupations, they will buy garden trimmers. The grass furniture can be bought by all age gatherings of individuals. Unequivocally, the results of ToolsCorp are reasonable for the age bunch 25-50 (McDonald Dunbar, 2011). Psychographic division The individuals who have a functioning public activity can be ordered under this market section. The individuals with an incredible stylish sense who trust in making their place and condition look wonderful are additionally focused on. These are extravagance items and the individuals with a rich way of life are liable to target. The individuals ready to invest their relaxation energy luxuriously are generally responsive under this division. The customary techniques for cooking and cutting the grass from the garden are obsolete. The individuals wish to streamline their work and choose mechanical developments are sorted under this market fragment (Wedel Kamakura, 2012). Target Market The objective market is picked as the individuals having a place with the age bunch 25-50 who are profession arranged, have a have a social-financial status and favor moving with the mechanical patterns. Not simply inhabitants, the items are appropriate for the experts who own inns and the travel industry spots. The item class is likewise reasonable for the regions, nursery and park proprietors who open spots for the individuals ready to unwind. Additionally, the force devices are valuable in the development business as the contractual workers and planners utilize these supplies to fill their need (Hair, 2013). Selling Points ToolsCorp will be sold in retail locations just as general store goliaths, for example, Walmart, Woolworths, Tesco, Marks and Spencer and different others. The organizations are renowned in selling gadgets and they draw in an enormous number of purchasers normally. These global retailers have a wide scope of items and administrations. In addition, the items, for example, garden furniture, yard trimmers, power instruments, microwaves and others can likewise be conveyed online all inclusive. The purchasers have built up a web based shopping demeanor as they are hesitant to visit the stores. Hence, ToolsCorp can extend the business sectors online to expand deals. The conveyance charges might be appropriate dependent on the separation and weight of the item (Dent, 2011). Market Positioning The worldwide market situating of the results of ToolsCorp ought to be viewed as a respectable and lavish range. The costs accused will be serious of the lavish brands as the association needs to situate itself as a sumptuous brand. The organization must guarantee virtue and high caliber of items and administrations with the goal that the retailer mammoths consider including it in the business (Bruggeman et al., 2012). Significant Competitors For microwaves, there are different worldwide, for example, LG, Samsung, Morphy Richards, Black and Decker and different others. These brands hold a high measure of piece of the overall industry in the worldwide market. These brands are prestigious for its scope of gadgets and machines (Kapferer, 2013). The well known force apparatuses brands are Metabo, Bosch, Hitachi, Dewalt, Stanley, Cheston, Powertec and different others. These organizations give a wide scope of items, for example, drill, point processor, stick weapons, force and hand toolbox, screw firearms, nailers and staplers, blowers, power planes, welding machines and different others. Every one of these brands are sold in the global market retailers, for example, Walmart or have online reach (Stuart, 2014). The grass trimmers have a couple of serious brands, for example, Stihl, John Deere, Modern Tool and Die (MTD), Global Garden Products (GGP), Toro and different others. These brands are prestigious in the business sectors and are for the most part sold at the retailer goliaths, for example, Walmart, Tesco and numerous others (Husqvarnagroup.com, 2016) Vital Proposals One-Year Objective The principal year objective is to build up itself in the market and make the individuals mindful of the brand. Substantial promoting methodologies will be embraced to make the individuals mindful of the new organization in advertise. Ad will be made utilizing TV plugs, web-based social networking and hoardings to make a declaration of the new brand. The famous people can likewise support the brand. The proposition for the principal year is to concentrate on the brand mindfulness and making upgrades to produce deals (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Five-Year Objective For a long time, the goal is to catch a more prominent piece of the pie. The clients of the contenders distinguished in the past segment must be pulled in towards the organization so they pick ToolsCorp over other accessible brands. The goal is to upgrade the market notoriety by expanding activities in five additional nations by infiltrating one nation consistently (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Ten-Year Objective The ten-year objective is to turn into a worldwide mammoth organization for devices and gadgets. The item portfolio will be twice of what it is as of now and the administrations will be extended. The goal is to be the top most organization for instruments and machines with its administrations in more than 25 nations. The organization will likewise frame key unions with the goal that the organization gives shared advantages as far as valuing and tasks (Jeyarathnam, 2012). Usage Plans The methodology can be executed utilizing diversifying as the market-passage system. Since the goal is to extend piece of the pie, diversifying can without much of a stretch assistance in entering outside business sectors. The items and administrations can be sold utilizing a permitting relationship. ToolsCrop may give permit and offer help with arranging, preparing, promoting, showcasing and overseeing as a byproduct of a fiscal thought. In a conventional establishment, the emphasis isn't on the arrangement of working together, yet chiefly on the items made or provided by the franchisor to the franchisee (Badrinarayanan, Suh, Kim, 2016). Potential Ramifications Gracefully Chain Risk The association is the execution of methodologies to deal with the day by day and uncommon hazard. In the event that the business is extended comprehensively, there may be a gracefully chain chance as there will be more noteworthy number of delegates for ToolsCorp. With more noteworthy number of delegates, there will be exercises and individuals included between the organization and end-customer that makes the gracefully chain genuinely defenseless. There is a hazard that the end-shoppers may not get the products in the fitting way. With online conveyances, the products might be harmed in travel (Girling, 2013). Money related Risk There is a prerequisite of overwhelming venture for growing internationally. Not simply fund, there is a prerequisite of HR, hierarchical assets, and capital necessity for running tasks. All the activities and procedures require huge money for smooth stream. On the off chance that the worldwide extension procedure isn't met in the decided way, it might prompt overwhelming misfortunes. Additionally, there is a significant necessity of venture for advertising exercises. On the off chance that the advertising correspondences are not conveyed in the proper way, it will not produce deals and income (Girling, 2013). Political Risk Various countries and regions are limited by political dangers and hazards. The administration of various nations offer exchange obstructions and duties. It might be unsafe for ToolsCorp to infiltrate various nations as there possibly geopolitical dangers included. The import and fare obstructions may likewise make exchange troublesome (Girling, 2013). Contender Risk The contenders who have high notoriety in the worldwide market may make the opposition extreme. The extraordinary rivalry may confine ToolsCorp from extending in the worldwide market (Girling, 2013). Criticism Mechanisms The criticism can be gotten from the clients in various countries dependent on the view of the brand. Overviews and surveys might be created in at regular intervals with the goal that the organization knows which course to move in (Girling, 2013). References Badrinarayanan, V., Suh, T., Kim, K. (2016). Brand reverberation in diversifying connections: A franchisee-based per

Applying Students A Refresher On Some Common Questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Applying Students A Refresher On Some Common Questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog At this time of the year, we have been getting emails from prospective students on all things related to their applications. We thought we would take a moment to address some of the most frequently asked questions and direct you to older blog posts where some of them have been addressed: Obviously, prospective students always want information about how they can fund their SIPA education. Here is the blog post on relevant financial aid information. It is important to note that first-year applicants are considered for fellowships and scholarships through the university regardless of nationality. Here is the blog post about things that you should avoid doing when applying to SIPA. Tps that may touch on some of the specific application areas: Applying to multiple programs:   The system allow applicants to easily apply to multiple programs under the same log-in. As per SIPA’s Admissions policy, you may apply to more than one program but you must submit full applications (with all required materials, application fee, etc.) to each program to be considered. What restrictions are there? Applicants may apply to any combination of programs EXCEPT you may NOT apply to the (two year full time) Master of International Affairs (MIA) and the (two year full time) Master of Public Administration (MPA) simultaneously (in the same term). How do I create a new application? Many people have written or called asking how to create a new application. You may do so by logging in to the application system and in the “application management” page you will see “start new application” below the list of open applications. Select and add the program and term.   You may see a screenshot of my test application below: Résumés:   Check out guidelines for the résumés: Ready to Talk about Résumés? Personal Statement:   Each program has specific question prompts that are required to be answered for review by the Committee. Some of these questions may be the same as the prompts for other programs but don’t think that you can submit the same responses if you are applying to more than one program, it will be obvious. You can get a refresher on the personal statements here. Recommendation letters:   We have received a LOT of calls and emails about recommendation letters so a few refresher posts, such as Can’t Say it Enough, Recommendation requests, with a little time and the Ins and Outs of Recommendation Letters may be useful for you to review. However, the sheer number of emails and phone calls from panicked applicants indicates that there are some outstanding issues. Recommenders have not received the recommendation request submission notification and are confused as to how to proceed. The most common reason for this issue is that the email message was delivered to the referee’s spam inbox and so we advise that recommenders check their email folders first.   If the notification has not been received, it may be due to security protocol, particularly if the email addresses has an “irregular” domain name or uses abbreviations (typically addresses from various countries, organizations or even universities/institutions), that prevents the message from being received. As an alternative, applicants may use a different email address for the recommender but this requires the recommender entry to be deleted and then re-entered to include the updated email address. As a last resort, recommenders can send the letter (as an attachment) to sipa_admission@columbia.edu directly and then our staff can upload the letter to the application manually.   Due to high volume of activity, we request your patience as we process received materials. GRE/GMAT:   The GRE/GMAT is an important component of the application, and all of your questions about these tests can be found here. Another item on test scores, WE DO NOT REQUIRE AN OFFICIAL TEST SCORE REPORT TO BE RECEIVED BY THE DEADLINE. The Committee ONLY requires applicants to self-report your scores on the application. I have thought quite a bit about why this is confusing so I have provided a screenshot of “add test” below: This example is of a GRE score but you only need to type the SCORES and the PERCENTILES in the boxes to report the GRE (or GMAT) and/or TOEFL or IELTS scores in order for your application to be reviewed. It is true that the self-reported scores are considered “unofficial” or a “copy” as you may have seen on your application status page, but this is EXACTLY what the Admissions Committee is looking for.   Once you have submitted your application, you will see something similar to the screenshot below on your application status page: If your official test score has been received and matched with your application, it will show as “verified” or “original” on the application status page. Deadlines! Another area of confusion has been the deadlines for each program so you may find the dates below helpful.   If you click the link to each program, you will be taken to the appropriate program checklist page. Program With fellowship Admission only MPA/MIA January 6, 2014 February 5, 2014 (11:59pm EST) MPA-DP January 15, 2014 February 5, 2014 (11:59pm EST) PEPM January 6, 2014 February 5, 2014 (11:59pm EST) EMPA March 1, 2014 June 1, 2014 (11:59pm EST) MPA-ESP January 15, 2014 February 15, 2014 (11:59pm EST)

Annotated Bibliography On Tax Files - 2541 Words

Tax Research Memorandum Date: November 16, 2014 To: Tax Files From: Jonathan Ruhi Subject: Availability of Corporate Reorganization Summary of Facts Chris and Sue are 50 percent shareholders in BackBone personal service corporation. Backbone provides chiropractic services in four separate offices, in four small towns: Troy, Union, Vista and Willow. Chris is the main chiropractor in the Troy office, and Sue heads up the Vista office. Charlie, the main chiropractor in the Willow office, does not see eye-to-eye with Chris and Sue on management styles. Charlie is highly competent and well-liked by patients and therefore indispensable in the eyes of Chris and Sue. Chris and Sue may be willing to give Charlie control of the Willow office, but do not want to lose the profits this office adds to BackBone. A corporate reorganization seems to be a good alternative. Issue and Conclusion Is corporate reorganization an available option? If so, how should it be structured? What issues would be associated with this alternative? Corporate reorganization is definitely an available option. The company should be structured as a parent-subsidiary controlled group. The restructuring should be performed in conformance to any and all tax-saving codes and provisions. Law and Analysis With a divisive reorganization, BackBone can split off its Willow office as a new subsidiary corporation that is controlled by BackBone. By placing Charlie in charge of the newly formed subsidiary, CharlieShow MoreRelatedTax Pensions : A Solution To The Public Pension Crisis1407 Words   |  6 Pagesgain in revenue. The effects of the dual retirement restrictions may not be felt immediately, but will certainly offer a long-term benefit. The impact of the state-wide tax increase will be felt within one year of being implemented. 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Witch Craft of the Azande free essay sample

From highly involved communal practices to individual daily life, witchcraft and such happenings can take place at any time and to anyone. During his time among the Azande, Evans Pritchard originally thought of the Azande’s belief in witchcraft as naive, believing that all mishaps were caused by bewitchment instead of taking personal responsibility. I personally find this interesting as it is a fine example of how people universally do not typically take responsibility for their misfortunes; instead they blame it on another. Why is this? Well, think to yourself, have you ever been stuck in traffic cursing at everyone else’s poor driving? The answer is probably yes because most people do not turn inwards towards themselves to see a potential problem. This is because we are sensory beings designed to sense and experience the world outside of ourselves. Turning inwards and seeing ourselves as the problem naturally is not something we as individuals do, this takes years or even a lifetime of fulfillment and maturity to realize. But this is further than I want to take us for now. Let us get back to our authors interpretation of Azande witchcraft and how his understanding of this topic changed the more time he spent among the Azande people. The author notes that a common argument to mishaps taking place among the Azande is that witchcraft is the only explanation, since the Azande take numerous precautions to certain things and yet misfortunes still take place. For example, a young boy who despite knowing there are bushes to watch out for when walking still happens to stub his toe. The young boys argument is that if all precautions were made and that he knew to watch out for such mishaps, how then could stubbing his toe take place? It must be witchcraft the young man argues. Or when an expert potter who spends much time in finding only the best clay to kneed with, and constructing his pottery carefully and heating it to bake in a slow fire; such careful craftsmanship could never lead to their pot’s breaking, it must therefore be witchcraft if the pot’s break, the Azande would argue. Witchcraft among the Azande, Evans Pritchard Wintrich III suggests, seems to be something that happens to someone after careful measures to do something are made and yet the individual still sustains misfortune and injury. Logically this sounds like a reasonable argument, but to me I would suggest that such misfortunes occur because accidents happen and are not necessarily caused by witchcraft. However, this of course is my etic interpretation of witchcraft among the Azande since I do not believe in witchcraft. The Azande, however, do believe in witchcraft, so what then is the emic meaning of witchcraft among Azande culture? Let’s get back to our authors study of the Azande. Our author uses an analogy; to the Azande, witchcraft attempts to explain specific phenomena that are not universal truths, such as fire’s universal truth as being hot versus its specific characteristic of potentially burning you. Fire’s hotness is not owed to witchcraft because hotness is fire’s nature. Therefore, it is fire’s universal quality to burn, but not to burn you. Being burned by fire may never happen to you, our author tells us, but to the Azande to be burned by fire, as being burned by fire is not fire’s universal quality, must then be caused by bewitchment. So what then does it mean to be bewitched, and how does someone come to be bewitched? An interesting puzzle arises from this question. Suppose you have a granary that has termite damage in the support beams, and on a hot day part the community seeks shelter from the hot sun under this granary. Should the granary fall, the Azande argue, would be caused by witchcraft. The argument is this; â€Å"We say that the granary collapsed because its supports were eaten away by termites. That is the cause that explains the collapse of the granary. We also say that the people were sitting under it at the time because it was in the heat of the day and they thought that it would be a comfortable place to talk and work. This is the cause of people being under the granary at the time it collapsed. To our minds the only relationship between these two independently caused facts is their coincidence in time and space. We have no explanation of why the Wintrich IV wo chains of causation intersected at a certain time and in a certain place, for there is no interdependence between them. † (Pritchard, pg. 70) To the Azande, the only explanation, of course, is witchcraft. I don’t know about you, but for me so far, all of our author’s attempts to get an explanation about what witchcraft is has failed. We know that witchcraft is the cause of misfortun es and personal injury sustained by the Azande people through what they believe to be no fault of their own, but I think we have yet to have any understanding of what causes witchcraft itself. Where does it come from, who causes it, and is it in any way like a sort of karma believed to be punishment for bad deeds like in eastern philosophies? I think we need to take a deeper look into witchcraft and what the Azande people are actually talking about, because from what I’ve gathered so far, the Azande believe that witchcraft is an unexplained phenomena of independent events that in no way should have had any reason to take place simultaneously without the assistance of some magical energy force they call witchcraft. I ask the author again, what is witchcraft and where does it come from? This may be a crude explanation, however, it is the crude explanation I have come to about Zandeland witchcraft from reading our authors work on the Azande people. So perhaps we need to further our reading into Evan Pritchard’s book, and then we will come to a better understanding of this seemingly abstract explanation of his; let us continue. One suggestion that our author gives us as to why witchcraft and what causes it is so obscure is that in Zande philosophy the gaps in between the causation of events are left to the individual to fill instead of through communication, otherwise they would be left astray by linguistic conventions. Another explanation would be that, â€Å"Witchcraft explains particular circumstances of events in relation to their harmfulness to people. Witchcraft explains why events are harmful to man and not how they Wintrich V happen. † (Pritchard, pg. 72) A Zande sees how witchcraft happens as anyone does. They see an elephant charge a man, not a witch cast a spell. They see a termite damaged granary fall, not a witch cast a spell. They don’t see witches casting spells, only the harmfulness of particular circumstances of events in their relation to man. Witchcraft is a causative factor in the production of harmful phenomena in particular places, at particular times, and in relation to particular persons. It is not a necessary link in a sequence of events but something external to them that participates in them and gives them a peculiar value. † (Pritchard, pg. 72) However, as our author notes, the Azande do not neglect the physical cause of witchcraft; if a man dies from a spear, a snake bite or disease the Azande accept this as the physical cause of the man’s death. But witchcraft is the explanation of the effect, not the cause of a situation. The cause, whether it’s from a spear, snake or disease is not the witchcraft, the witchcraft is the effect of the individual dying from these causes, as spears, snakes and disease do not have the natural purpose of killing man, otherwise all men would die immediately from spears, snakes and disease and no one would exist. But wait, people are biologically designed to age, decay and die. Death, therefore, is a natural purpose of people, what about death caused by natural reasons? Is death from natural means accounted for by witchcraft? To the Azande, our author tells us, death caused by witchcraft and a natural death supplement each other. â€Å"It is not simply that the heart ceases to beat and the lungs to pump air in an organism, but it is also the destruction of a member of a family and kin, of a community and tribe. † (Pritchard, pg. 73) My take on this is that a natural death is measured by witchcraft in how the death of the individual affects the community. In this sense, there is a physical and a social cause in death in either case of death caused by witchcraft and death caused by natural causes. Now, it is critical at this point to understand witchcraft as having a physical and social aspect. Witchcraft, according to Wintrich VI Pritchard, is the mystical explanation of natural phenomena and their misfortunes on people. However, social circumstances of wrongdoing by people are judged by laws in Azande culture. You cannot, therefore, commit a crime and blame it on witchcraft, as witchcraft resides in the person who is esponsible for breaking the law and â€Å"is not necessary in such a case to seek a witch, for an objective towards which vengeance may be directed is already present. † (Pritchard, pg. 74) The Azande separate the circumstances of law and witchcraft for the same reasons that we do in our culture; â€Å"As in our own society a scientific theory of causation is deemed irrelevant in questions of moral and legal resp onsibility, so in Zande society the doctrine of witchcraft is deemed irrelevant in the same situation. We accept scientific explanation of the causes of disease, and even of the causes of insanity, but we deny them in crime and sin because here they militate against law and morals which are axiomatic. The Zande accepts a mystical explanation of the causes of misfortune, sickness, and death, but he does not allow this explanation if it conflicts with social exigencies expressed in law and morals. † (Pritchard, pg. 75) In Zandeland, not all human errors are blamed on witchcraft; witchcraft is only attributed to failure when all possibilities of personal error have been exhausted. Azande people do accept that misfortunes can and are caused by accidents, lack of experience, ignorance and even simply from stupidity. If we use simple logic, our author shows, it would be naive of the Azande to believe all human error to come from witchcraft, since a person would never better themselves at a trade had they always blamed witchcraft for their failures since one becomes good at something by learning from their past mistakes and from the mistakes of others. The Azande would of course agree which is why witchcraft is typically reserved to define phenomena which only cause misfortunes to innocent people. Learning from ones past mistakes is not a misfortune but in fact is how humankind excels as a species. According to the Wintrich VII author, the Azande do not believe in a separation between the natural world and the supernatural world and in fact the supernatural world, as it exists in our culture as something that exists in a different realm of spatiality, to the Azande does not exist. Witchcraft, therefore, is not something that is supernatural, although it transcends sensory experience, is simply a concept of why bad things happen to good people. The only ones who truly understand witchcraft are the witches themselves, who in fact, could be anyone. Anyone can break a law or taboo which seems to be the causation of collective negative energy within Azande society, and it is this energy which manifests itself into misfortune and folly within the community of the Azande people.